Islamic accounting & algebra

As it is mentioned In the Holy Qur’an , the word hesab (In Arabic meaning "Account") is used in its generic sense, relating to one’s obligation to account to God on all matters pertaining to human endeavour. According to the Holy Qur’an, followers are required to keep records of their indebtedness (Sura 2, ayah 282), thus Islam thus provides general approval and guidelines for the recording and reporting of transactions.

The Islamic law of inheritance (Sura 4, ayah 11) defines exactly how the estate is calculated after death of an individual. The power of testamentary disposition is basically limited to one-third of the net estate (ie. the assets remaining after the payment of funeral expenses and debts), providing for every member of the family by allotting fixed shares not only to wives and children, but also to father and mothers.The complexity of this law served as an impetus behind the development of algebra (In Arabic: al-jabr) by Muhammad Ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi and other medieval Islamic mathematicians. Al-Khwārizmī's Hisab al-jabr w’al-muqabala
(Arabic: "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing", Baghdad, c. 825) devoted a chapter on the solution to the Islamic law of inheritance using linear equations. In the twelfth century, Latin translations of al-Khwārizmī's Kitāb al-Jamʿ wa-l-tafrīq bi-ḥisāb al-Hind (Arabic: Book of Addition and Subtraction According to the Hindu Calculation) on the use of Indian numerals, introduced the decimal positional number system to the Western world.

The development of mathematics and accounting was intertwined during the Renaissance. Mathematics was in the midst of a period of significant development in the late 15th century. Hindu-Arabic numerals and algebra were introduced to Europe from Arab mathematics at the end of the 10th century by the Benedictine monk Gerbert of Aurillac, but it was only after Leonardo Pisano (also known as Fibonacci) put commercial arithmetic, Hindu-Arabic numerals, and the rules of algebra together in his Liber Abaci in 1202 that Hindu-Arabic numerals became widely used in Italy.
While there is no direct relationship between algebra and bookkeeping, the teaching of the subjects and the books published addressed the same group, namely the children of merchants who were sent to reckoning schools (in Flanders and Germany) or Abacus School (known as abbaco in Italy), where they learned the skills useful for trade and commerce. There is probably no need for algebra in performing bookkeeping operations, but for complex bartering operations or the calculation of compound interest, a basic knowledge of arithmetic was mandatory and knowledge of algebra was very useful